Review: The article examines the issue of the genealogical classification preserved in the copies of Medieval texts. For its understanding the authors propose an approach based on the use of the theory of fuzzy sets. This approach utilizes the matrix of the fuzzy preference relation, which is founded on the pairwise comparison of the lists with each other. Each element of this matrix is the summation of its components, whose value is determined by the end set of different value factors (types of lection). These factors are considered in their total sum in the form of weight coefficients, which are determined through expert means. In order to eliminate the unavoidable subjectivity in evaluating them, the authors of this work developed an indirect method of expertise. The aim of the proposed method lies in that the given factors are compared pairwise in their value with each other. This way the initial complex problem is substituted by the entirety of more simple ones. Meanwhile the experts operate not with quantitative, but qualitative evaluations. The proposed new approach of expert evaluation allows in a formal way to assess the value of one or another discrepancy in the text. Thus the use of the proposed method plays a key role in the fuzzy classification of the list of Medieval compositions (establishing a genealogical stemming). The use of the examined method is illustrated on a specific example of discrepancy typology.

Keywords: typologyafuzzy classification, fuzzy relation matrix, function of accessory, weight coefficients, stemmatology, typology, theory of fuzzy sets, indirect expert method, discrepancies, text analysis

References:
Saaty T.L. Measuring the fuzziness of sets// Journal of Cybernetics. V. 4. 1974. P.53-61.
Melikhov A.N., Bernshteyn L.S., Korovin S.Ya. Situatsionnye sovetuyushchie sistemy s nechetkoy logikoy. M., 1990. 272 s.
Gal'chenko M. G. O vremeni poyavleniya i kharaktere rasprostraneniya ryada grafiko-orfograficheskikh priznakov vtorogo yuzhnoslavyanskogo vliyaniya v drevnerusskikh rukopisyakh kontsa Kh²V — pervoy poloviny KhV vv. // Lingvisticheskoe istochnikovedenie i istoriya russkogo yazyka./ Sbornik statey. M., 2000. S. 123—152.
Belyakova E.V. Ob izdanii Pechatnoy Kormchey// Vestnik tserkovnoy istorii. ¹ 3(11). M., 2008. C. 99-115.
Borodkin L.I., Milov L.V. O nekotorykh aspektakh avtomatizatsii tekstologicheskogo issledovaniya (Zakon Sudnyy lyudem)// Matematicheskie metody v istoriko-ekonomicheskikh i istoriko-kul'turnykh issledovaniyakh: sbornik statey. M., 1977. S. 235-280.
Florinskiy T.D. Drevneyshiy pamyatnik bolgarskogo prava // Sbornik statey po istorii prava v chest' M. F. Vladimirskogo-Budanova. Kiev, 1904. C.1-28.
Pikhoya R.G. Permskaya kormchaya (O predystorii poyavleniya Chudovskoy kormchey 1499 g.)// Obshchestvennoe soznanie, knizhnost', literatura perioda feodalizma. Novosibirsk, 1990. S. 171-175.
GA Kostromskoy obl., f. 1486, op.3, d.4.
Maksimovich K.A. Zakon Sudnyy lyudem. Istochnikovedcheskie i lingvisticheskie aspekty issledovaniya slavyanskogo yuridicheskogo pamyatnika. M., 2004. 240 s.
Sverdlov M.B. Stanovlenie feodalizma v slavyanskikh stranakh. SPb., 1997. 324 s.
Shchapov Ya.N. Vizantiyskaya Ekloga zakonov v russkoy pis'mennoy traditsii. SPb., 2011. 240 S.
Vasica J. Zakon' sudnyi ljud'm'-Soudni zâkonik pro lid // Magnae Moraviae fontes historici. Brno, 1971. T. 4.P. 147-198.
Zakon Sudnyy lyudem kratkoy redaktsii// Tikhomirov M.N., Milov L.V. M.,1961. 177 s.
Likhachev D.S. Tekstologiya. M.-L., 1983. 640 s.
Zade L. Ponyatie lingvisticheskoy peremennoy i ego primenenie k prinyatiyu priblizhennykh resheniy. M., 1976. 165 s.
Shpirko S.V. Primenenie teorii nechetkikh mnozhestv k zadache genealogicheskoy klassifikatsii v tekstologicheskom issledovanii// Istoricheskaya informatika: Informatsionnye tekhnologii i matematicheskie metody v istoricheskikh issledovaniyakh. Barnaul, 2013. ¹ 3. S. 39-51.
Basaker R., Saati T. Konechnye grafy i seti. M., 1974. 368 s.
Alekseev A.A. Tekstologiya slavyanskoy biblii. Spb., 1999. 190 s.
Borodkin L.I., Morozova L.E. Opyt ispol'zovaniya matematicheskikh modeley i EVM v tekstologicheskikh issledovaniyakh// Kolichestvennye metody v gumanitarnykh naukakh. M., 1961. 206 s.
Mandel' I.D. Klasternyy analiz. M., 1988. 176 s.
Colwell E.C. and Tune E.W. The quantitative relationship between MS text-types// Biblical and patristic studies in memory of R.P.Casey/ Ed. by J.N.Birdsall and P.W.Thomson. Freiburg, 1963. P.25-32.

References (transliteration):
Saaty T.L. Measuring the fuzziness of sets// Journal of Cybernetics. V. 4. 1974. P.53-61.
Melikhov A.N., Bernshteyn L.S., Korovin S.Ya. Situatsionnye sovetuyushchie sistemy s nechetkoy logikoy. M., 1990. 272 s.
Gal'chenko M. G. O vremeni poyavleniya i kharaktere rasprostraneniya ryada grafiko-orfograficheskikh priznakov vtorogo yuzhnoslavyanskogo vliyaniya v drevnerusskikh rukopisyakh kontsa Kh²V — pervoy poloviny KhV vv. // Lingvisticheskoe istochnikovedenie i istoriya russkogo yazyka./ Sbornik statey. M., 2000. S. 123—152.
Belyakova E.V. Ob izdanii Pechatnoy Kormchey// Vestnik tserkovnoy istorii. ¹ 3(11). M., 2008. C. 99-115.
Borodkin L.I., Milov L.V. O nekotorykh aspektakh avtomatizatsii tekstologicheskogo issledovaniya (Zakon Sudnyy lyudem)// Matematicheskie metody v istoriko-ekonomicheskikh i istoriko-kul'turnykh issledovaniyakh: sbornik statey. M., 1977. S. 235-280.
Florinskiy T.D. Drevneyshiy pamyatnik bolgarskogo prava // Sbornik statey po istorii prava v chest' M. F. Vladimirskogo-Budanova. Kiev, 1904. C.1-28.
Pikhoya R.G. Permskaya kormchaya (O predystorii poyavleniya Chudovskoy kormchey 1499 g.)// Obshchestvennoe soznanie, knizhnost', literatura perioda feodalizma. Novosibirsk, 1990. S. 171-175.
GA Kostromskoy obl., f. 1486, op.3, d.4.
Maksimovich K.A. Zakon Sudnyy lyudem. Istochnikovedcheskie i lingvisticheskie aspekty issledovaniya slavyanskogo yuridicheskogo pamyatnika. M., 2004. 240 s.
Sverdlov M.B. Stanovlenie feodalizma v slavyanskikh stranakh. SPb., 1997. 324 s.
Shchapov Ya.N. Vizantiyskaya Ekloga zakonov v russkoy pis'mennoy traditsii. SPb., 2011. 240 S.
Vasica J. Zakon' sudnyi ljud'm'-Soudni zâkonik pro lid // Magnae Moraviae fontes historici. Brno, 1971. T. 4.P. 147-198.
Zakon Sudnyy lyudem kratkoy redaktsii// Tikhomirov M.N., Milov L.V. M.,1961. 177 s.
Likhachev D.S. Tekstologiya. M.-L., 1983. 640 s.
Zade L. Ponyatie lingvisticheskoy peremennoy i ego primenenie k prinyatiyu priblizhennykh resheniy. M., 1976. 165 s.
Shpirko S.V. Primenenie teorii nechetkikh mnozhestv k zadache genealogicheskoy klassifikatsii v tekstologicheskom issledovanii// Istoricheskaya informatika: Informatsionnye tekhnologii i matematicheskie metody v istoricheskikh issledovaniyakh. Barnaul, 2013. ¹ 3. S. 39-51.
Basaker R., Saati T. Konechnye grafy i seti. M., 1974. 368 s.
Alekseev A.A. Tekstologiya slavyanskoy biblii. Spb., 1999. 190 s.
Borodkin L.I., Morozova L.E. Opyt ispol'zovaniya matematicheskikh modeley i EVM v tekstologicheskikh issledovaniyakh// Kolichestvennye metody v gumanitarnykh naukakh. M., 1961. 206 s.
Mandel' I.D. Klasternyy analiz. M., 1988. 176 s.
Colwell E.C. and Tune E.W. The quantitative relationship between MS text-types// Biblical and patristic studies in memory of R.P.Casey/ Ed. by J.N.Birdsall and P.W.Thomson. Freiburg, 1963. P.25-32.

Review: The subject of research is the soil resources of Valdai, the territory of which was included in the Derevskaya piatina of the Novgorod land in the 15th - 16th centuries, and in the 18th century in the Valdai district of the Novgorod province. Based on comparable material from the first Russian land cadasters and the Economic notes to the material of the General Land Survey, the author investigates the quality of the land used for arable farming and the yield of basic grain-crops, as well as the features of the agricultural mastering of this region. In the cadasters of the 16th century the land is named "rich", "medium" and "poor". This terminology is still incomprehensible because of its vagueness. At the same time, in the Economic Notes to the General Land Survey there is some information about the composition of the soil, agricultural cultures and the land's fertility. Today, the comparison of the information about the quality and yield of the lands allows us to find out what kind of lands was cultivated in a greater degree. For the analysis of the mass data contained in the cadasters from the middle of the 16th century and the Economic Notes to the General Land Survey at the end of the 18th century, the author used the quantitative methods of research. For the creation of a database containing information on the land's fertility in the second half of the 18th century in the Valdai district of the Novgorod province, Access 2010 was used, which allowed to tabulate data, to conduct a search of the records, to filter data, and to input inquiries in the database for information retrieving. While working with the mass material from the Economic Notes in order to include the necessary information in the database it was necessary to use the method of continuous selection. The research itself is based on the local approach to the understanding of the role of nature in the history of humanity. The created database allowed the author to estimate the quality of the soil in the Valdai district during the second half of the 18th century and for the first time to compare the obtained data with the information on the quality of the land in the middle of the 16th century. It was discovered that in spite of the diversity of soil in the Valdai district, the silt-covered soils were predominantly used in the 18th century despite the fact that they needed fertilizes. The most part of grain-growing was sowed on light soils - silt-covered with sand and silt-covered with stony sand. To a greater degree the sizable and good harvests of grain-crops in the Valdai district during the 18th century were recorded on grey-sandy soils which were named sod-podzol soils in the Economic Notes. However, the amount of plough-lands with grey-sandy soil made up less than one third part from the general array. On the basis of this study the author comes to conclusion that during the 16th -18th centuries new plough-lands gradually appeared in the Valdai district, while the old ones were ploughed off, and therefore perceptions about the richness and leanness of the land were changing.

Keywords: crop yield, cereals, priming, soil, land quality, scribe books, General Land Survey, anthropogenic factor, Valdai, natural environment

References:
Alyabina I. O., Golubinskiy A. A., Kirillova V. A., Khitrov D. A. Pochvennye resursy i sel'skoe khozyaystvo tsentra evropeyskoy Rossii v kontse XVIII veka // Pochvovedenie. 2015. ¹ 11. S. 1302–1313.
Veselovskiy S. B. Soshnoe pis'mo. Issledovanie po istorii kadastra i pososhnogo oblozheniya Moskovskogo gosudarstva. M., 1916. T.2. 726 s.
Gorskaya N. A. Russkaya feodal'naya derevnya v istoriografii XX veka. M., 2006. 356 s.
Got'e Yu. V. Zamoskovskiy kray v XVII v. M.: Tipografiya G. Lissnera i D. Sobko, 1937. 595 s.
Dobrovol'skiy G.V. Lektsii po istorii i metodologii pochvovedeniya. M.: MGU, 2010. 232 s.
Zhekulin V.S. Istoricheskaya geografiya: predmet i metod. L.: Nauka, 1982. 224 s.
Zubkova T. A., Karpachevskiy L. O. Pochvennaya matritsa i ekologicheskie funktsii pochvy // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 17: Pochvovedenie. 2004. ¹ 1. S. 29–34.
Istoricheskaya geografiya Rossii IX–nachalo XX veka. Territoriya. Naselenie. Ekonomika: ocherki. /Ya. E. Vodarskiy, V. M. Kabuzan, A. V. Demkin, O. I. Eliseeva, E. G. Istomina, O. A. Shvatchenko; Ros. akad. nauk, in-t ros. istorii. M., 2013. 304 s.
Kolesnikova S. I. Ekologicheskie funktsii pochv i normirovanie antropogennogo vozdeystviya // Rol' pochv v biosfere i zhizni cheloveka: Mezhd. nauch. konf.: K 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya akademika G. V. Dobrovol'skogo, k Mezhdunarodnomu godu pochv. Moskva, MGU im. M. V. Lomonosova, 5-7 oktyabrya 2015 g. Materialy dokladov. M.: MAKS Press, 2015. S. 67–68.
Milov L. V. Velikorusskiy pakhar' i osobennosti rossiyskogo istoricheskrogo protsessa. M.:ROSPPEN, 1998. 573 s.
Natsional'nye parki Rossii. Spravochnik / Pod red. I.V. Chebakovoy. M.: Izd-vo Tsentra okhrany dikoy prirody, 1996. 198 s.
Novgorodskie pistsovye knigi. T. I. Perepisnaya obrochnaya kniga Derevskoy pyatiny, okolo 1495 goda. Pervaya polovina. SPb.: tipografiya V. Bezobrazova i komp., 1859. 461 s
Pamyat' pochv. Pochva kak pamyat' biosferno-geosferno-antroposfernykh vzaimodeystviy. Otvet redaktory V. O. Targul'yan, S.V. Goryachkin. Moskva: Izdatel'stvo LKI, 2008. 692 s.
Pochva i pochvoobrazovanie // Ucheb. dlya un-tov. V 2 ch./Pod red. V. A. Kovdy, B. G. Rozanova. Ch. 1. Pochva i pochvoobrazovanie/G. D. Belitsina, V. D. Vasil'evskaya, L. A. Grishina i dr. M.: Vysshaya shkola, 1988. 400 s
RGADA. F. 137. Boyarskie i gorodovye knigi. Op.1. Novgorod. D. 4-g. Pistsovaya kniga Derevskoy pyatiny Novgorodskogo uezda, pistsov Shemyaki Blagovo i Mikhaila Lavrent'eva. Podlinnik. Posle 1557 g. 169 l.
RGADA. F. 1209. Op.3. ¹17141. Pripravochnaya pistsovaya kniga chetverti Derevskoy pyatiny pis'ma Vasiliya Ivanova syna Kalitina. 479 l.
RGADA. F. 1209. Op. 3. ¹17143. Pripravochnaya pistsovaya kniga chetverti Derevskoy pyatiny pis'ma B. M. Ansimova. 192 l.
RGADA F. 1355. Ekonomicheskie primechaniya k materialam General'nogo mezhevaniya. Op. 1. Novgorodskaya guberniya. D. 861. Valdayskiy uezd. Ekonomicheskie primechaniya na 1571 dachu i alfavit dach vladel'tsev. 174 l.
RGADA F. 1355. Op. 1. D. 862. Valdayskiy uezd. Ekonomicheskie primechaniya na 621 dachu. 1789 g. 190 l.
RGADA. F.1355. Ekonomicheskie primechaniya k materialam General'nogo mezhevaniya. Op.1. Novgorodskaya guberniya. D. 863. Valdayskiy uezd. Kratkiy tabel'. 1 l.
Romanov B.A. Izyskaniya o russkom sel'skom poselenii epokhi feodalizma // Voprosy ekonomiki i klassovykh otnosheniy v Russkom gosudarstve XII–XVII vv. M.–L., 1960. S. 419–476.
Fedorenko K. A., Eliseeva N. V. Rol' pochvy v zhizni cheloveka // Rol' pochv v biosfere i zhizni cheloveka. Mezhd. nauch. konf.: K 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya akademika G. V. Dobrovol'skogo, k Mezhdunarodnomu godu pochv. Moskva, MGU im. M. V. Lomonosova, 5-7 oktyabrya 2015 g. Materialy dokladov. M.: MAKS Press, 2015. S. 361–362.
Chernenko D. A. Zemlevladenie i khozyaystvenno-demograficheskie protsessy v Tsentral'noy Rossii XVII–XVIII vv. (opyt regional'noy tipologii). Vologda, 2008. 224 s.

References (transliteration):
Alyabina I. O., Golubinskiy A. A., Kirillova V. A., Khitrov D. A. Pochvennye resursy i sel'skoe khozyaystvo tsentra evropeyskoy Rossii v kontse XVIII veka // Pochvovedenie. 2015. ¹ 11. S. 1302–1313.
Veselovskiy S. B. Soshnoe pis'mo. Issledovanie po istorii kadastra i pososhnogo oblozheniya Moskovskogo gosudarstva. M., 1916. T.2. 726 s.
Gorskaya N. A. Russkaya feodal'naya derevnya v istoriografii XX veka. M., 2006. 356 s.
Got'e Yu. V. Zamoskovskiy kray v XVII v. M.: Tipografiya G. Lissnera i D. Sobko, 1937. 595 s.
Dobrovol'skiy G.V. Lektsii po istorii i metodologii pochvovedeniya. M.: MGU, 2010. 232 s.
Zhekulin V.S. Istoricheskaya geografiya: predmet i metod. L.: Nauka, 1982. 224 s.
Zubkova T. A., Karpachevskiy L. O. Pochvennaya matritsa i ekologicheskie funktsii pochvy // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 17: Pochvovedenie. 2004. ¹ 1. S. 29–34.
Istoricheskaya geografiya Rossii IX–nachalo XX veka. Territoriya. Naselenie. Ekonomika: ocherki. /Ya. E. Vodarskiy, V. M. Kabuzan, A. V. Demkin, O. I. Eliseeva, E. G. Istomina, O. A. Shvatchenko; Ros. akad. nauk, in-t ros. istorii. M., 2013. 304 s.
Kolesnikova S. I. Ekologicheskie funktsii pochv i normirovanie antropogennogo vozdeystviya // Rol' pochv v biosfere i zhizni cheloveka: Mezhd. nauch. konf.: K 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya akademika G. V. Dobrovol'skogo, k Mezhdunarodnomu godu pochv. Moskva, MGU im. M. V. Lomonosova, 5-7 oktyabrya 2015 g. Materialy dokladov. M.: MAKS Press, 2015. S. 67–68.
Milov L. V. Velikorusskiy pakhar' i osobennosti rossiyskogo istoricheskrogo protsessa. M.:ROSPPEN, 1998. 573 s.
Natsional'nye parki Rossii. Spravochnik / Pod red. I.V. Chebakovoy. M.: Izd-vo Tsentra okhrany dikoy prirody, 1996. 198 s.
Novgorodskie pistsovye knigi. T. I. Perepisnaya obrochnaya kniga Derevskoy pyatiny, okolo 1495 goda. Pervaya polovina. SPb.: tipografiya V. Bezobrazova i komp., 1859. 461 s
Pamyat' pochv. Pochva kak pamyat' biosferno-geosferno-antroposfernykh vzaimodeystviy. Otvet redaktory V. O. Targul'yan, S.V. Goryachkin. Moskva: Izdatel'stvo LKI, 2008. 692 s.
Pochva i pochvoobrazovanie // Ucheb. dlya un-tov. V 2 ch./Pod red. V. A. Kovdy, B. G. Rozanova. Ch. 1. Pochva i pochvoobrazovanie/G. D. Belitsina, V. D. Vasil'evskaya, L. A. Grishina i dr. M.: Vysshaya shkola, 1988. 400 s
RGADA. F. 137. Boyarskie i gorodovye knigi. Op.1. Novgorod. D. 4-g. Pistsovaya kniga Derevskoy pyatiny Novgorodskogo uezda, pistsov Shemyaki Blagovo i Mikhaila Lavrent'eva. Podlinnik. Posle 1557 g. 169 l.
RGADA. F. 1209. Op.3. ¹17141. Pripravochnaya pistsovaya kniga chetverti Derevskoy pyatiny pis'ma Vasiliya Ivanova syna Kalitina. 479 l.
RGADA. F. 1209. Op. 3. ¹17143. Pripravochnaya pistsovaya kniga chetverti Derevskoy pyatiny pis'ma B. M. Ansimova. 192 l.
RGADA F. 1355. Ekonomicheskie primechaniya k materialam General'nogo mezhevaniya. Op. 1. Novgorodskaya guberniya. D. 861. Valdayskiy uezd. Ekonomicheskie primechaniya na 1571 dachu i alfavit dach vladel'tsev. 174 l.
RGADA F. 1355. Op. 1. D. 862. Valdayskiy uezd. Ekonomicheskie primechaniya na 621 dachu. 1789 g. 190 l.
RGADA. F.1355. Ekonomicheskie primechaniya k materialam General'nogo mezhevaniya. Op.1. Novgorodskaya guberniya. D. 863. Valdayskiy uezd. Kratkiy tabel'. 1 l.
Romanov B.A. Izyskaniya o russkom sel'skom poselenii epokhi feodalizma // Voprosy ekonomiki i klassovykh otnosheniy v Russkom gosudarstve XII–XVII vv. M.–L., 1960. S. 419–476.
Fedorenko K. A., Eliseeva N. V. Rol' pochvy v zhizni cheloveka // Rol' pochv v biosfere i zhizni cheloveka. Mezhd. nauch. konf.: K 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya akademika G. V. Dobrovol'skogo, k Mezhdunarodnomu godu pochv. Moskva, MGU im. M. V. Lomonosova, 5-7 oktyabrya 2015 g. Materialy dokladov. M.: MAKS Press, 2015. S. 361–362.
Chernenko D. A. Zemlevladenie i khozyaystvenno-demograficheskie protsessy v Tsentral'noy Rossii XVII–XVIII vv. (opyt regional'noy tipologii). Vologda, 2008. 224 s.

Review: The article reviews the dynamics of the resettlement movement on the territories of the Tobolsk and Tomsk governorates in 1906–1911. It presents a comparative analysis of two Siberian lands and examines the influence of external factors on the nature of the resettlement. The historiographical study sheds light on the various points of view regarding the nature of the resettlement policy, however the widely-accepted conclusion holds that the resettlement of peasants from European Russia to Siberia made for a significant rise in the economy of the given region, which was reflected in the flourishing of grain, mill productions, butter industry, and also in the development of stock-breeding. The source study allowed the detection of the main laws and decrees that accompanied the resettlement policy. On the basis of the resettlement dynamics to the Tomsk and Tobolsk governorates, the author comes to the conclusion that owing to its geographic location and environmental particularities the Tomsk governorate was more densely populated. There also existed true resettlement in comparison to the Tobolsk territories, where there is resettlement information that does not correspond to reality. In the course of the analysed period, there was an outflow of settlers from the Tobolsk governorate to the Tomsk one, especially to the lands of the Altai mountain region. Nevertheless, there were a high percentage of those returning to their homeland, since migrants did not have enough material sources for the establishment of households in new places. However, despite certain problems implementing the resettlement legislation, based on the quantity of settled migrants and the data on the economic development of the region, the resettlement policy to the regions of Western Siberia in 1906–1911 can be considered as a successfully achieved part of the agrarian reforms.

Keywords: dynamics, legislation, Altai region Cabinet, Tobolsk governorate, Tomsk governorate, Siberia, P. A. Stolypin, resettlement, comparative analysis, Siberian economic development

References:
Artyukh A. V., Lipova G. S. O nekotorykh aspektakh i itogakh stolypinskoy agrarnoy reformy na Altae // Agrarnaya nauka – sel'skomu khozyaystvu: Sbornik statey: v 3 kn. / V Mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya (17–18 marta 2010 g.). Kn. 1. Barnaul: Izdatel'stvo AGAU, 2010. S. 26–29.
Belyanin D. N. Stolypinskaya pereselencheskaya politika v Tomskoy gubernii (1906–1914 gg.). Kemerovo, 2003. 176 s.
Bondarenko S. I. K voprosu o pereselencheskoy politike P. A. Stolypina i ee znachenii dlya sotsial'no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Sibiri i Altaya // Agrarnaya nauka – sel'skomu khozyaystvu: Sbornik statey: v 3 kn. / V Mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya (17–18 marta 2010 g.). Kn. 1. Barnaul: Izdatel'stvo AGAU, 2010. S. 33–35.
Vibe P. P. Kolonizatsiya Tobol'skoy gubernii v period imperializma // Tezisy oblastnoy nauchnoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 400-letiyu Tobol'ska «Rol' Tobol'ska v osvoenii Sibiri». Tobol'sk, 1987. S. 80–81; On zhe. Pereselenie krest'yan Evropeyskoy Rossii v Tobol'skuyu guberniyu vo vtoroy polovine XIX – nachale XX vv. // Izvestiya Omskogo gosudarstvennogo istoriko-kraevedcheskogo muzeya. 1994. ¹ 3. S. 94–114; On zhe. Ekonomicheskiy potentsial pereselentsev Tobol'skoy gubernii vo vtoroy polovine XIX – nachale XX vv. // Tam zhe. S. 115–120.
Goryushkin L. M. Sibirskoe krest'yanstvo na rubezhe dvukh vekov. Novosibirsk: «Nauka», 1967. 412 s.; On zhe. Agrarnye otnosheniya v Sibiri perioda imperializma (1900–1917 gg.). Novosibirsk: «Nauka», 1976. 342 s.; Sklyarov L. F. Pereselenie i zemleustroystvo v Sibiri v gody stolypinskoy agrarnoy reformy. L.: Izdatel'stvo Leningradskogo universiteta, 1962. 588 s.
Dorozhkin A. G. Pereselencheskaya politika samoderzhaviya i khozyaystvennoe osvoenie Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka v kontse XIX – nachale XX veka v osveshchenii nemetskoyazychnoy istoriko-ekonomicheskoy literatury // Rol' gosudarstva v osvoenii Aziatskoy Rossii XVII – nachala XX v. Novosibirsk: Institut istorii SO RAN, 2007. S. 41–50.
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Ovtsinova O. V. Sud'bonosnaya rol' P. A. Stolypina v agrarnykh preobrazovaniyakh Rossii // Agrarnaya nauka – sel'skomu khozyaystvu: Sbornik statey: v 3 kn. / V Mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya (17–18 marta 2010 g.). Kn. 1. Barnaul: Izdatel'stvo AGAU, 2010. S. 46–48.
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PSZ. Sobranie tret'e. T. 26. 1906. Otd. 1. SPb., 1909.
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Spravochnaya knizhka dlya khodokov i pereselentsev na 1909 g. SPb.: Izdatel'stvo Pereselencheskogo upravleniya GUZiZ, 1909. 112 s.
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Tyut'kin V. I. Meropriyatiya pravitel'stva po pereseleniyu krest'yan na Altay v 1907–1914 gg. // Agrarnaya nauka – sel'skomu khozyaystvu: Sbornik statey: v 3 kn. / V Mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya (17–18 marta 2010 g.). Kn. 1. Barnaul: Izdatel'stvo AGAU, 2010. S. 54–56.
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References (transliteration):
Artyukh A. V., Lipova G. S. O nekotorykh aspektakh i itogakh stolypinskoy agrarnoy reformy na Altae // Agrarnaya nauka – sel'skomu khozyaystvu: Sbornik statey: v 3 kn. / V Mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya (17–18 marta 2010 g.). Kn. 1. Barnaul: Izdatel'stvo AGAU, 2010. S. 26–29.
Belyanin D. N. Stolypinskaya pereselencheskaya politika v Tomskoy gubernii (1906–1914 gg.). Kemerovo, 2003. 176 s.
Bondarenko S. I. K voprosu o pereselencheskoy politike P. A. Stolypina i ee znachenii dlya sotsial'no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Sibiri i Altaya // Agrarnaya nauka – sel'skomu khozyaystvu: Sbornik statey: v 3 kn. / V Mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya (17–18 marta 2010 g.). Kn. 1. Barnaul: Izdatel'stvo AGAU, 2010. S. 33–35.
Vibe P. P. Kolonizatsiya Tobol'skoy gubernii v period imperializma // Tezisy oblastnoy nauchnoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 400-letiyu Tobol'ska «Rol' Tobol'ska v osvoenii Sibiri». Tobol'sk, 1987. S. 80–81; On zhe. Pereselenie krest'yan Evropeyskoy Rossii v Tobol'skuyu guberniyu vo vtoroy polovine XIX – nachale XX vv. // Izvestiya Omskogo gosudarstvennogo istoriko-kraevedcheskogo muzeya. 1994. ¹ 3. S. 94–114; On zhe. Ekonomicheskiy potentsial pereselentsev Tobol'skoy gubernii vo vtoroy polovine XIX – nachale XX vv. // Tam zhe. S. 115–120.
Goryushkin L. M. Sibirskoe krest'yanstvo na rubezhe dvukh vekov. Novosibirsk: «Nauka», 1967. 412 s.; On zhe. Agrarnye otnosheniya v Sibiri perioda imperializma (1900–1917 gg.). Novosibirsk: «Nauka», 1976. 342 s.; Sklyarov L. F. Pereselenie i zemleustroystvo v Sibiri v gody stolypinskoy agrarnoy reformy. L.: Izdatel'stvo Leningradskogo universiteta, 1962. 588 s.
Dorozhkin A. G. Pereselencheskaya politika samoderzhaviya i khozyaystvennoe osvoenie Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka v kontse XIX – nachale XX veka v osveshchenii nemetskoyazychnoy istoriko-ekonomicheskoy literatury // Rol' gosudarstva v osvoenii Aziatskoy Rossii XVII – nachala XX v. Novosibirsk: Institut istorii SO RAN, 2007. S. 41–50.
Zaveduyushchiy zemleustroystvom Altayskogo okruga // Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Altayskogo kraya. F. 29. Op. 1. D. 581.
Zyryanov P. N. Petr Stolypin: politicheskiy portret. M.: «Vysshaya shkola», 1992. 160 s.
Kazarezov V. V. P. A. Stolypin: istoriya i sovremennost'. Novosibirsk: «Rid», 1991. 127 s.
Ovtsinova O. V. Sud'bonosnaya rol' P. A. Stolypina v agrarnykh preobrazovaniyakh Rossii // Agrarnaya nauka – sel'skomu khozyaystvu: Sbornik statey: v 3 kn. / V Mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya (17–18 marta 2010 g.). Kn. 1. Barnaul: Izdatel'stvo AGAU, 2010. S. 46–48.
Bikina A. A. Maslodelie v Zapadnoy Sibiri v nachale KhKh veka: faktory razvitiya, rol' Soyuza sibirskikh maslodel'nykh arteley // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya. 2014. ¹ 3. S. 344–356.
Pereselenie za Ural (osoboe pribavlenie k gazete «Sel'skiy vestnik»). SPb.: Izdatel'stvo Pereselencheskogo upravleniya, 1906. 47 s.
Pereselenie za Ural v 1908 g. SPb.: Izdatel'stvo Pereselencheskogo upravleniya, 1908. 159 s.
Ponimaskina Yu. A. Znachenie stolypinskoy agrarnoy reformy dlya agrarnogo sektora Sibiri // Agrarnaya nauka – sel'skomu khozyaystvu: Sbornik statey: v 3 kn. / V Mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya (17–18 marta 2010 g.). Kn. 1. Barnaul: Izdatel'stvo AGAU, 2010. S. 49–51.
PSZ. Sobranie tret'e. T. 26. 1906. Otd. 1. SPb., 1909.
PSZ. Sobranie tret'e. T. 30. 1910. Otd. 1. SPb., 1913.
Sarapulova N. G. Rezul'taty reformirovaniya agrarnogo sektora Rossii v nachale XX v. // [Elektronnyy resurs] – URL: http://www.ipdn.ru/rics/va/_private/a9/86-94-sar.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 24.07.2013)
Sidel'nikov S. M. Agrarnaya reforma Stolypina. M.: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo universiteta, 1973. 338 s.
Spravochnaya knizhka dlya khodokov i pereselentsev na 1909 g. SPb.: Izdatel'stvo Pereselencheskogo upravleniya GUZiZ, 1909. 112 s.
Spravochnaya knizhka dlya khodokov i pereselentsev na 1911 g. SPb.: Izdatel'stvo Pereselencheskogo upravleniya GUZiZ, 1911. 146 s.
Trushnikov V. A., Lobanova T. V. Znachenie stolypinskoy reformy dlya stanovleniya kul'turnogo zhivotnovodstva Altaya // Agrarnaya nauka – sel'skomu khozyaystvu: Sbornik statey: v 3 kn. / V Mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya (17–18 marta 2010 g.). Kn. 1. Barnaul: Izdatel'stvo AGAU, 2010. S. 52–53.
Tyut'kin V. I. Meropriyatiya pravitel'stva po pereseleniyu krest'yan na Altay v 1907–1914 gg. // Agrarnaya nauka – sel'skomu khozyaystvu: Sbornik statey: v 3 kn. / V Mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya (17–18 marta 2010 g.). Kn. 1. Barnaul: Izdatel'stvo AGAU, 2010. S. 54–56.
Shmelev G. I. Agrarnaya politika i agrarnye otnosheniya v Rossii v KhKh veke. M.: Nauka, 2000. 256 s.
Shpedt A. A. Osnovnye napravleniya stolypinskoy agrarnoy reformy v Sibiri // Agrarnaya nauka – sel'skomu khozyaystvu: Sbornik statey: v 3 kn. / V Mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya (17–18 marta 2010 g.). Kn. 1. Barnaul: Izdatel'stvo AGAU, 2010. S. 30–32.

Review: The author analyses the repressive mechanisms of the period, disclosed on the basis of a study of archival material. The first part of the article consists of a brief historiographical overview of the studies on this subject. The dominant opinion in scientific literature is that regional officials, usually following central instructions, fabricated investigational materials on the principles convenient for their regional authorities. The second part is dedicated to the examination of the repression dynamics on the main social groups: agriculturalists, industrial workers and officials. The dynamics’ data is divided by years and the author attempts to thus distinguish small repression campaigns of regional scale. The author comes to the conclusion that in most cases the repressions were conducted within one social group, with investigation files containing examples of interceding lines of repression of various social groups; however, the existing data is not enough to expose definite tendencies. Agricultural workers and administrators suffered most from the repressions. On the basis of archival investigation files, in conjunction with the deductive and inductive methods, the author distinguishes three repression mechanisms: “bottom-up”, “top-down”, and their synthesis – “mixed” type. In the given timeframe, the “mixed” type was the most common: it was characteristic for group investigations, falsified in a significant number of cases.

Keywords: repressions, regions, Altay, “memorial book”, database, investigation files, social groups, dynamics, campaigns, mechanism of repression.

References:
Vatlin A. Yu. Terror rayonnogo masshtaba: «Massovye operatsii» NKVD v Kuntsevskom rayone Moskovskoy oblasti 1937–1938 gg. M.: ROSSPEN, 2004. 256 s.
Delo po obvineniyu Varkentina // Otdel spetsdokumentatsii upravleniya arkhivnogo dela Altayskogo kraya. F. R-2. Op. 7. D. 24181.
Delo po obvineniyu Zakharova // Otdel spetsdokumentatsii upravleniya arkhivnogo dela Altayskogo kraya. F. R-2. Op. 7. D. 9796.
Delo po obvineniyu Kulakova, Lisitskogo, Marchenko, Nedodela, Pavlyuchenko, Starostenko // Otdel spetsdokumentatsii upravleniya arkhivnogo dela Altayskogo kraya. F. R-2. Op. 7. D. 20460.
Delo po obvineniyu M. Alekseenko, S. Alekseenko // Otdel spetsdokumentatsii upravleniya arkhivnogo dela Altayskogo kraya. F. R-2. Op. 7. D. 23821.
Delo po obvineniyu P. Vladimova, I. Krasnoshlykova, A. Krasnoshlykova // Otdel spetsdokumentatsii upravleniya arkhivnogo dela Altayskogo kraya. F. R-2. Op.
D. 7034. 7. Delo po obvineniyu Plotnikova, Savitskogo, Sladkovskogo // Otdel spetsdokumentatsii upravleniya arkhivnogo dela Altayskogo kraya. F. R-2. Op. 7. D. 7034.
Zhertvy politicheskogo terrora v Altayskom krae. T. 2. Barnaul, 1999. 556 s.; T. 3. 1937 g. Ch. 1. Barnaul, 2000. 584 s.; T. 3, 1937 g. Ch. 2. Barnaul, 2000. 440 s.; T. 7. 1920–1965. Barnaul, 2005. 363 s.
Zhertvy politicheskogo terrora v SSSR [Elektronnyy resurs]. 4-e izd. M., 2007.
Lyagushkina L. A. K otsenke informatsionnogo potentsiala «knig pamyati» v sravnenii so sledstvennymi delami zhertv «Bol'shogo terrora» // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya. 2014. ¹ 2. C. 157–166.
Massovye repressii v Altayskom krae 1937–1938 gg. Prikaz ¹ 00447. M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. 752 s.
Material podgotovlen po dannym BD «Memoriala» (Zhertvy politicheskogo terrora v SSSR). [Elektronnyy resurs]. 4-e izd. M., 2007.
Mishina E. M. Professional'nyy sostav repressirovannykh v 1935–1937 gg.: analiz bazy dannykh na osnove «knig pamyati» Altayskogo kraya // Informatsionnyy byulleten' Assotsiatsii «Istoriya i komp'yuter». ¹ 41. Barnaul, 2013. S. 88–107.
Osobennaya chast' UK RSFSR 1926 g. // [Elektronnyy resurs] – URL: http://www.memorial.krsk.ru/Articles/KP/1/05.htm (data obrashcheniya: 21.12.2013)
Otdel spetsdokumentatsii upravleniya arkhivnogo dela Altayskogo kraya. F. R-2. Op. 7. D. 7034, 9796, 20460, 23821, 24181.
Papkov S. A. Obyknovennyy terror: politika stalinizma v Sibiri. M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. 440 s.
Sbornik zakonodatel'nykh i normativnykh aktov o repressiyakh i reabilitatsii zhertv politicheskikh repressiy. M.: Respublika, 1993. 222 s.
SZ SSSR 1932 g. ¹ 62. St. 360.
Stalinizm v sovetskoy provintsii: 1937–1938 gg. Massovaya operatsiya na osnove prikaza ¹ 00447. M.: ROSSPEN; Germanskiy istoricheskiy institut v Moskve, 2009. 927 s.
Stat'ya 58-2 UK RSFSR: «Vooruzhennoe vosstanie ili vtorzhenie v kontrrevolyutsionnykh tselyakh na sovetskuyu territoriyu vooruzhennykh band, zakhvat vlasti v tsentre ili na meste v tekh zhe tselyakh i, v chastnosti, s tsel'yu nasil'stvenno ottorgnut' ot Soyuza SSR i otdel'noy soyuznoy respubliki kakuyu-libo chast' ee territorii ili rastorgnut' zaklyuchennye Soyuzom SSR s inostrannymi gosudarstvami dogovory». Sm.: Osobennaya chast' UK RSFSR 1926 g. // [Elektronnyy resurs] – URL: http://www.memorial.krsk.ru/Articles/KP/1/05.htm (data obrashcheniya: 21.12.2013)
Stat'ya 58-10 UK RSFSR: «Propaganda ili agitatsiya, soderzhashchie prizyv k sverzheniyu, podryvu ili oslableniyu Sovetskoy vlasti ili k soversheniyu otdel'nykh kontrrevolyutsionnykh prestupleniy a ravno rasprostranenie ili izgotovlenie ili khranenie literatury togo zhe soderzhaniya». Sm.: Osobennaya chast' UK RSFSR 1926 g. // [Elektronnyy resurs] – URL: http://www.memorial.krsk.ru/Articles/KP/1/05.htm (data obrashcheniya: 27.12.2013)
Suslov A. B. Trudposelentsy – zhertvy «kulatskoy operatsii» NKVD v Permskom rayone Sverdlovskoy oblasti // Stalinizm v sovetskoy provintsii: 1937–1938 gg. Massovaya operatsiya na osnove prikaza ¹ 00447. M.: ROSSPEN; Germanskiy istoricheskiy institut v Moskve, 2009. S. 132–150.
Tablitsa sostavlena po dannym BD «Memoriala» (Zhertvy politicheskogo terrora v SSSR). [Elektronnyy resurs]. 4-e izd. M., 2007.
Teplyakov A. Personal i povsednevnost' Novosibirskogo UNKVD v 1936–1946 gg. // [Elektronnyy resurs] – URL: http://rusk.ru/st.php?idar=45710 (data obrashcheniya: 27.12.13)
Shabalin V. V. Sel'skoe naselenie Prikam'ya kak zhertva massovoy operatsii po prikazu ¹ 00447 // Stalinizm v sovetskoy provintsii: 1937–1938 gg. Massovaya operatsiya na osnove prikaza ¹ 00447. M.: ROSSPEN; Germanskiy istoricheskiy institut v Moskve, 2009. S. 104–116.
Khaustov V., Samuel'son L. Stalin, NKVD i repressii 1936–1938 gg. M.: ROSSPEN; Fond pervogo prezidenta Rossii B. N. El'tsina, 2010. 432 s.
Ellman M. Regional Influences on the Formulation and Implementation of NKVD Order 00447 // Europe Asia Studies. Vol. 62. No. 6. August 2010. P. 915–929

References (transliteration):
Vatlin A. Yu. Terror rayonnogo masshtaba: «Massovye operatsii» NKVD v Kuntsevskom rayone Moskovskoy oblasti 1937–1938 gg. M.: ROSSPEN, 2004. 256 s.
Delo po obvineniyu Varkentina // Otdel spetsdokumentatsii upravleniya arkhivnogo dela Altayskogo kraya. F. R-2. Op. 7. D. 24181.
Delo po obvineniyu Zakharova // Otdel spetsdokumentatsii upravleniya arkhivnogo dela Altayskogo kraya. F. R-2. Op. 7. D. 9796.
Delo po obvineniyu Kulakova, Lisitskogo, Marchenko, Nedodela, Pavlyuchenko, Starostenko // Otdel spetsdokumentatsii upravleniya arkhivnogo dela Altayskogo kraya. F. R-2. Op. 7. D. 20460.
Delo po obvineniyu M. Alekseenko, S. Alekseenko // Otdel spetsdokumentatsii upravleniya arkhivnogo dela Altayskogo kraya. F. R-2. Op. 7. D. 23821.
Delo po obvineniyu P. Vladimova, I. Krasnoshlykova, A. Krasnoshlykova // Otdel spetsdokumentatsii upravleniya arkhivnogo dela Altayskogo kraya. F. R-2. Op.
D. 7034. 7. Delo po obvineniyu Plotnikova, Savitskogo, Sladkovskogo // Otdel spetsdokumentatsii upravleniya arkhivnogo dela Altayskogo kraya. F. R-2. Op. 7. D. 7034.
Zhertvy politicheskogo terrora v Altayskom krae. T. 2. Barnaul, 1999. 556 s.; T. 3. 1937 g. Ch. 1. Barnaul, 2000. 584 s.; T. 3, 1937 g. Ch. 2. Barnaul, 2000. 440 s.; T. 7. 1920–1965. Barnaul, 2005. 363 s.
Zhertvy politicheskogo terrora v SSSR [Elektronnyy resurs]. 4-e izd. M., 2007.
Lyagushkina L. A. K otsenke informatsionnogo potentsiala «knig pamyati» v sravnenii so sledstvennymi delami zhertv «Bol'shogo terrora» // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya. 2014. ¹ 2. C. 157–166.
Massovye repressii v Altayskom krae 1937–1938 gg. Prikaz ¹ 00447. M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. 752 s.
Material podgotovlen po dannym BD «Memoriala» (Zhertvy politicheskogo terrora v SSSR). [Elektronnyy resurs]. 4-e izd. M., 2007.
Mishina E. M. Professional'nyy sostav repressirovannykh v 1935–1937 gg.: analiz bazy dannykh na osnove «knig pamyati» Altayskogo kraya // Informatsionnyy byulleten' Assotsiatsii «Istoriya i komp'yuter». ¹ 41. Barnaul, 2013. S. 88–107.
Osobennaya chast' UK RSFSR 1926 g. // [Elektronnyy resurs] – URL: http://www.memorial.krsk.ru/Articles/KP/1/05.htm (data obrashcheniya: 21.12.2013)
Otdel spetsdokumentatsii upravleniya arkhivnogo dela Altayskogo kraya. F. R-2. Op. 7. D. 7034, 9796, 20460, 23821, 24181.
Papkov S. A. Obyknovennyy terror: politika stalinizma v Sibiri. M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. 440 s.
Sbornik zakonodatel'nykh i normativnykh aktov o repressiyakh i reabilitatsii zhertv politicheskikh repressiy. M.: Respublika, 1993. 222 s.
SZ SSSR 1932 g. ¹ 62. St. 360.
Stalinizm v sovetskoy provintsii: 1937–1938 gg. Massovaya operatsiya na osnove prikaza ¹ 00447. M.: ROSSPEN; Germanskiy istoricheskiy institut v Moskve, 2009. 927 s.
Stat'ya 58-2 UK RSFSR: «Vooruzhennoe vosstanie ili vtorzhenie v kontrrevolyutsionnykh tselyakh na sovetskuyu territoriyu vooruzhennykh band, zakhvat vlasti v tsentre ili na meste v tekh zhe tselyakh i, v chastnosti, s tsel'yu nasil'stvenno ottorgnut' ot Soyuza SSR i otdel'noy soyuznoy respubliki kakuyu-libo chast' ee territorii ili rastorgnut' zaklyuchennye Soyuzom SSR s inostrannymi gosudarstvami dogovory». Sm.: Osobennaya chast' UK RSFSR 1926 g. // [Elektronnyy resurs] – URL: http://www.memorial.krsk.ru/Articles/KP/1/05.htm (data obrashcheniya: 21.12.2013)
Stat'ya 58-10 UK RSFSR: «Propaganda ili agitatsiya, soderzhashchie prizyv k sverzheniyu, podryvu ili oslableniyu Sovetskoy vlasti ili k soversheniyu otdel'nykh kontrrevolyutsionnykh prestupleniy a ravno rasprostranenie ili izgotovlenie ili khranenie literatury togo zhe soderzhaniya». Sm.: Osobennaya chast' UK RSFSR 1926 g. // [Elektronnyy resurs] – URL: http://www.memorial.krsk.ru/Articles/KP/1/05.htm (data obrashcheniya: 27.12.2013)
Suslov A. B. Trudposelentsy – zhertvy «kulatskoy operatsii» NKVD v Permskom rayone Sverdlovskoy oblasti // Stalinizm v sovetskoy provintsii: 1937–1938 gg. Massovaya operatsiya na osnove prikaza ¹ 00447. M.: ROSSPEN; Germanskiy istoricheskiy institut v Moskve, 2009. S. 132–150.
Tablitsa sostavlena po dannym BD «Memoriala» (Zhertvy politicheskogo terrora v SSSR). [Elektronnyy resurs]. 4-e izd. M., 2007.
Teplyakov A. Personal i povsednevnost' Novosibirskogo UNKVD v 1936–1946 gg. // [Elektronnyy resurs] – URL: http://rusk.ru/st.php?idar=45710 (data obrashcheniya: 27.12.13)
Shabalin V. V. Sel'skoe naselenie Prikam'ya kak zhertva massovoy operatsii po prikazu ¹ 00447 // Stalinizm v sovetskoy provintsii: 1937–1938 gg. Massovaya operatsiya na osnove prikaza ¹ 00447. M.: ROSSPEN; Germanskiy istoricheskiy institut v Moskve, 2009. S. 104–116.
Khaustov V., Samuel'son L. Stalin, NKVD i repressii 1936–1938 gg. M.: ROSSPEN; Fond pervogo prezidenta Rossii B. N. El'tsina, 2010. 432 s.
Ellman M. Regional Influences on the Formulation and Implementation of NKVD Order 00447 // Europe Asia Studies. Vol. 62. No. 6. August 2010. P. 915–929

Review: Keeping social peace and preventing complex, lengthy labor conflicts in factories during the years of World War I became one of the crucial priorities of the owners and managers of industrial companies. Many of them were willing within reason to meet the demands of the workers on improving their economic situation. In the first place, the article exposes how the workers’ demands, put forward individually or during strikes, were influencing the entrepreneurs and factory administrators’ decisions to increase work wages and narrow its differentiation level. Secondly, the author examines which complementary measures were undertaken by the managers in order to provide the workers with items of first necessity in case of the prolongation of the war. Thirdly, the article determines the level of differentiation in textile workers’ wages in two periods of time (June 1914 and June 1916) to define how much this indicator changed during two years of war based on workers’ qualification level (profession), age category (adults, adolescents, children), and gender. This research is founded on archival material, which permits to analyze labor conflicts and workers’ economic condition during the years of World War I on a micro level (in a series of individual companies). As well, this study uses statistical methods (including the correlational analysis). The article demonstrates how under the influence of workers’ demands there was an increase in their wages and a decrease in their differentiation during World War I. During these years, the welfare policy of enterprises, beside wage increases in correlation to costs of living, included other elements, some of which proved effective and were consequently adopted by the government which sought to develop efficient measures for keeping order and discipline in industrial companies – a particularly critical issue in a time of war.

Keywords: labor conflicts, textile-workers, World War I, workers’ economic condition, differentiation of work wages, correlation index, strikes, enterprise social welfare, factory shop, workers’ demands.

References:
Borodkin L. I., Valetov T. Ya. Izmerenie i modelirovanie dinamiki neravenstva v oplate truda promyshlennykh rabochikh Rossii v nachale KhKh v. // Komp'yuter i ekonomicheskaya istoriya. Barnaul, 1997. S. 8-32.
Borodkin L., Valetov T., Smirnova Yu., Shil'nikova I. «Ne rublem edinym»: Trudovye stimuly rabochikh-tekstil'shchikov dorevolyutsionnoy Rossii. M.: ROSSPEN, 2010.
Gerasimov N. V., Karasev S. M., Tarasov E. P. Krasnyy Perekop. Yaroslavl', 1972.
Kir'yanov Yu. I. Sotsial'no-politicheskiy protest rabochikh Rossii v gody Pervoy mirovoy voyny (iyul' 1914 g. – fevral' 1917 g.). M., 2005.
Kitanina T. M. Rossiya v Pervoy mirovoy voyne. 1914–1917 gg. Ekonomika i ekonomicheskaya politika. Ch. 1. SPb., 2003.
Meyerovich M. G. Rabochee dvizhenie v Yaroslavskoy gubernii v 1861 – fevrale 1917 gg. Khronika. Yaroslavl', 1995.
Strumilin S. G. Ocherki ekonomicheskoy istorii Rossii. M., 1960.
Trudovye konflikty i rabochee dvizhenie v Rossii na rubezhe XIX–XX vv. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2011.

References (transliteration):
Borodkin L. I., Valetov T. Ya. Izmerenie i modelirovanie dinamiki neravenstva v oplate truda promyshlennykh rabochikh Rossii v nachale KhKh v. // Komp'yuter i ekonomicheskaya istoriya. Barnaul, 1997. S. 8-32.
Borodkin L., Valetov T., Smirnova Yu., Shil'nikova I. «Ne rublem edinym»: Trudovye stimuly rabochikh-tekstil'shchikov dorevolyutsionnoy Rossii. M.: ROSSPEN, 2010.
Gerasimov N. V., Karasev S. M., Tarasov E. P. Krasnyy Perekop. Yaroslavl', 1972.
Kir'yanov Yu. I. Sotsial'no-politicheskiy protest rabochikh Rossii v gody Pervoy mirovoy voyny (iyul' 1914 g. – fevral' 1917 g.). M., 2005.
Kitanina T. M. Rossiya v Pervoy mirovoy voyne. 1914–1917 gg. Ekonomika i ekonomicheskaya politika. Ch. 1. SPb., 2003.
Meyerovich M. G. Rabochee dvizhenie v Yaroslavskoy gubernii v 1861 – fevrale 1917 gg. Khronika. Yaroslavl', 1995.
Strumilin S. G. Ocherki ekonomicheskoy istorii Rossii. M., 1960.
Trudovye konflikty i rabochee dvizhenie v Rossii na rubezhe XIX–XX vv. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2011.

Review: The article addresses the system of indicators, which characterize the course of the Soviet government’s confessional policy in the period from 1920s to the 1960s in the Kuzbass. The set of considered indicators includes structural elements and practical ties of the Christian communities, among which: the system of governing, the social and ethnic stratification, the gender and age structure, the resettlement of the members of religious communities, as well as the confessional and ethnoreligious system of interaction, which was established between communities and subjected to change under the influence of the governmental policy and the political situation of the moment. The methodological basis for this article is the systematic approach that regards religious communities as functional, hierarchically subordinated systems, endowed with complex internal structures, and for which the policy of the state acted as an “external environmental factor”. A correlation analysis has been applied to estimate the representativeness of the data in the complete records of the religious communities in the Kuzbass. And the historical-comparative methodology, in a diachronic manner, has been adopted to determine the set of structural elements and the practical ties of the religious communities that act as indicators of the state’s confessional policy. The scientific novelty of this work lays in the introduction of mass sources, constituted by the complete records of the protestant religious communities in the Kuzbass from 1920 to the 1960s, as well as the presented system of indicators, which include a series of structural-functional elements of the religious communities, allowing for an assessment of the direction and effectiveness of the state’s confessional policy in this specific time period. This research shows that a series of socio-demographic determinants of the religious communities, designated in the article, belong to the set of the most r eliable indicators.

Keywords: government confessional policy, Evangelical Christians-Baptists, complete records of the religious communities members, policy assessment indicators, the Kuzbass Protestants, confessional interaction, ethnoreligious interaction, protestant community stratification, religious community demography, religious people in the Soviet period.

Contact information: Shiller Vadim Viktorovich, Tereshkova ulitsa 40, room 101, Kemerovo 650036 Russia

References:
Soskovets L. I. Religioznye konfessii Zapadnoy Sibiri v 40–60-e gody XX veka. Tomsk, 2003.
Moskalenko A. T. Ideologiya i deyatel'nost' khristianskikh sekt. Novosibirsk, 1978.
Mitrokhin L. N. Baptizm: istoriya i sovremennost'. SPb., 1997.
Kushnikova M., Sergienko V., Togulev V. Stranitsy istorii goroda Kemerovo. Kn. 3. Prokop'evsk, 1999.
Klibanov A. I. Religioznoe sektantstvo i sovremennost'. M., 1969.
Klibanov A. I. Iz mira religioznogo sektantstva. M., 1974.
Gorbatov A. V. Spetssluzhby i religioznye organizatsii v Kemerovskoy oblasti (1950–1966 gg.) // Totalitarnyy mentalitet: problemy izucheniya, puti preodoleniya. Kemerovo, 2003.
Klibanov A. I. Sovremennoe sektantstvo v Tambovskoy oblasti: Po materialam ekspeditsii Instituta istorii AN SSSR v 1959 g. // Voprosy istorii religii i ateizma. M., 1960. Sb. 8.
Istoriya evangel'skikh khristian-baptistov v SSSR. M.: Izd. VSEKhB, 1989.
Klibanov A. I. Sektantstvo v proshlom i nastoyashchem // Voprosy istorii religii i ateizma. M., 1961. Sb. 9.
Dolotov A. Tserkov' i sektantstvo v Sibiri. Novosibirsk, 1930.
Gorbatov A. V. KGB i religioznye organizatsii v Sibiri // Voprosy istorii. 2008. ¹ 6.
Gorbatov A. V. Naselenie, migratsii i konfessional'naya karta Sibiri (1940–1960-e gg.) // Vestnik Tambovskogo universiteta. Seriya: Gumanitarnye nauki. 2008. ¹
Gorbatov A. V. Gosudarstvo i religioznye organizatsii Sibiri v 1940 –1960-e gg. Tomsk, 2008.

References (transliteration):
Soskovets L. I. Religioznye konfessii Zapadnoy Sibiri v 40–60-e gody XX veka. Tomsk, 2003.
Moskalenko A. T. Ideologiya i deyatel'nost' khristianskikh sekt. Novosibirsk, 1978.
Mitrokhin L. N. Baptizm: istoriya i sovremennost'. SPb., 1997.
Kushnikova M., Sergienko V., Togulev V. Stranitsy istorii goroda Kemerovo. Kn. 3. Prokop'evsk, 1999.
Klibanov A. I. Religioznoe sektantstvo i sovremennost'. M., 1969.
Klibanov A. I. Iz mira religioznogo sektantstva. M., 1974.
Gorbatov A. V. Spetssluzhby i religioznye organizatsii v Kemerovskoy oblasti (1950–1966 gg.) // Totalitarnyy mentalitet: problemy izucheniya, puti preodoleniya. Kemerovo, 2003.
Klibanov A. I. Sovremennoe sektantstvo v Tambovskoy oblasti: Po materialam ekspeditsii Instituta istorii AN SSSR v 1959 g. // Voprosy istorii religii i ateizma. M., 1960. Sb. 8.
Istoriya evangel'skikh khristian-baptistov v SSSR. M.: Izd. VSEKhB, 1989.
Klibanov A. I. Sektantstvo v proshlom i nastoyashchem // Voprosy istorii religii i ateizma. M., 1961. Sb. 9.
Dolotov A. Tserkov' i sektantstvo v Sibiri. Novosibirsk, 1930.
Gorbatov A. V. KGB i religioznye organizatsii v Sibiri // Voprosy istorii. 2008. ¹ 6.
Gorbatov A. V. Naselenie, migratsii i konfessional'naya karta Sibiri (1940–1960-e gg.) // Vestnik Tambovskogo universiteta. Seriya: Gumanitarnye nauki. 2008. ¹
Gorbatov A. V. Gosudarstvo i religioznye organizatsii Sibiri v 1940 –1960-e gg. Tomsk, 2008.

Review: The article describes the experience of content analysis of the “For Industrialization” newspaper editorials from 1932 to 1937 – the closing years of respective five-year plans. Quantitative analysis of articles content showed the changes from the first five-year plan to the second: during the first five years, the majority of entries were related to economy, while the second five-year plan seems to have increased the popularity of the issues of social and political nature, as well as those related to ideological upbringing. On the one hand the article contains realistic descriptions of industrialization process and on the other hand it reveals the main vectors of ideological influence on the reader’s mass consciousness.

Keywords: history, USSR, industrialization, 1930s, content analysis, press, Soviet periodic, first five-year plans, USSR Supreme Economic Council.

Contact information: Razdina Natalia Vladimirovna, 119991, Russia, Moscow, GSP-1, Lomonosovskiy Prospekt, 27, building 4, History faculty.

References:
1. Besposhchadnyy otpor vragam leninskoy partii // Za industrializatsiyu. – 1932. – 12 okt. (¹237). – S. 1.
2. Velikoe zavoevanie sovetskogo rabochego // Za industrializatsiyu. – 1932. – 15 okt. (¹239). – S. 1.
3. Za industrializatsiyu. – 1937. - 1-30 marta (¹¹50-74).
4. Zabota o rabochem snabzhenii – pryamoe delo khozyaystvennika // Za industrializatsiyu. - 1932. – 16 okt. (¹240). - S. 1.
5. Industriya. – 1937. – 2-30 okt. (¹¹23-47).
6. Krepit' khozraschet, za finansovuyu distsiplinu! // Za industrializatsiyu. - 1932. – 28 okt. (¹250). - S. 1.
7. Nakanune velikoy godovshchiny // Za industrializatsiyu. - 1932. – 27 okt. (¹249). - S. 1.
8. Organizovat' proizvodstvo i trud v chernoy metallurgii // Za industrializatsiyu. - 1932. - 14 okt. (¹238). - S. 1.
9. Otvetstveneyshiy period v rabote elektrostantsiy // Za industrializatsiyu. - 1932. – 22 okt. (¹245). - S. 1.
10. Podnyat' vyzhig koksa! // Za industrializatsiyu. - 1932. – 20 okt. (¹243). - S. 1.
11. Proizvodstvo predmetov shirpotreba – pervostepennaya politicheskaya zadacha // Za industrializatsiyu. - 1932. – 6 okt.
(¹232). - S. 1.
12. Redaktsionnaya stat'ya // Za industrializatsiyu. – 1932. – 6 marta (¹55). – S. 1.
13. Redaktsionnaya stat'ya // Za industrializatsiyu. – 1932. – 10 marta (¹58). – S. 1.
14. Redaktsionnaya stat'ya // Za industrializatsiyu. – 1932. – 11 marta (¹59). – S. 1.
15. Redaktsionnaya stat'ya // Za industrializatsiyu. – 1932. – 12 marta (¹60). – S. 1.
16. Redaktsionnaya stat'ya // Za industrializatsiyu. – 1932. – 20 marta (¹66). – S. 1.
17. Shire razvernut' sovetskuyu torgovlyu // Za industrializatsiyu. - 1932. 2 okt. (¹228). - S. 1.

References (transliteration):
1. Besposhchadnyy otpor vragam leninskoy partii // Za industrializatsiyu. – 1932. – 12 okt. (¹237). – S. 1.
2. Velikoe zavoevanie sovetskogo rabochego // Za industrializatsiyu. – 1932. – 15 okt. (¹239). – S. 1.
3. Za industrializatsiyu. – 1937. - 1-30 marta (¹¹50-74).
4. Zabota o rabochem snabzhenii – pryamoe delo khozyaystvennika // Za industrializatsiyu. - 1932. – 16 okt. (¹240). - S. 1.
5. Industriya. – 1937. – 2-30 okt. (¹¹23-47).
6. Krepit' khozraschet, za finansovuyu distsiplinu! // Za industrializatsiyu. - 1932. – 28 okt. (¹250). - S. 1.
7. Nakanune velikoy godovshchiny // Za industrializatsiyu. - 1932. – 27 okt. (¹249). - S. 1.
8. Organizovat' proizvodstvo i trud v chernoy metallurgii // Za industrializatsiyu. - 1932. - 14 okt. (¹238). - S. 1.
9. Otvetstveneyshiy period v rabote elektrostantsiy // Za industrializatsiyu. - 1932. – 22 okt. (¹245). - S. 1.
10. Podnyat' vyzhig koksa! // Za industrializatsiyu. - 1932. – 20 okt. (¹243). - S. 1.
11. Proizvodstvo predmetov shirpotreba – pervostepennaya politicheskaya zadacha // Za industrializatsiyu. - 1932. – 6 okt.
(¹232). - S. 1.
12. Redaktsionnaya stat'ya // Za industrializatsiyu. – 1932. – 6 marta (¹55). – S. 1.
13. Redaktsionnaya stat'ya // Za industrializatsiyu. – 1932. – 10 marta (¹58). – S. 1.
14. Redaktsionnaya stat'ya // Za industrializatsiyu. – 1932. – 11 marta (¹59). – S. 1.
15. Redaktsionnaya stat'ya // Za industrializatsiyu. – 1932. – 12 marta (¹60). – S. 1.
16. Redaktsionnaya stat'ya // Za industrializatsiyu. – 1932. – 20 marta (¹66). – S. 1.
17. Shire razvernut' sovetskuyu torgovlyu // Za industrializatsiyu. - 1932. 2 okt. (¹228). - S. 1.