History of international relations
Reference:
Babintseva E.A. —
On the Issue of Environmental Protection in the Context of Globalization in the Second Half of the XX - Early XXI Centuries.
// International relations.
– 2018. – ¹ 2.
– P. 1 - 7.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2018.2.25798 URL: http://en. nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25798
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Review:
The subject of the study of international relations environmental development is a complex of historical and political factors integrated into international relations on environmental protection and aimed at prevention of climatic destabilization of the planet, prevention of extensive development and the negative consequences of anthropogenic interference with the biosphere. The aim of the work is to elicit the reasons and ways of popularization of the concept of environmentalism on the international level in the XX-XXI centuries in the orderly process of international relations development, as well as to identify the consequential risks to the international political system. In the course of the study the author used a method of analysis of legal sources and a record of meetings at the highest level. With the help of inductive and deductive techniques the study compares environmental concepts in different periods of international relations development. The analysis of thematic international conferences and multilateral treaties is conducted. The historical sequence of international relations development in the field of nature protection is determined. The practice of international ecological concepts integration in the territory of the leading world powers is compared. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by consideration of the current stages of implementation and modernization of the UNFCCC provisions and the dynamically developing agendas of the parties’ annual conferences. The results revealed probability of negative application of the environmental standards in the form of interference with the sovereign foundations of statehood with regard to the leading countries. The author marks a positive impact of peaceful partnership in the sphere of environment, and its unifying role in the international community. These conclusions can be applied to further analysis of implementation of the conception of sustainable development in practice and in discussions at the annual conferences of the UNFCCC parties, as well as in teaching practice for students of the "International relations" field of study.
Keywords:
climate change, the Paris Agreement, ecohumanism, environmentalism, ecology, nature protection, the UNFCCC, the concept of sustainable developmen, environment, COP
References (transliterated):
Problemy okruzhayushchey cheloveka sredy // Rezolyutsii 23-y sessii (1968 god), A/RES/2398 (XXIII), 1733-e plenarnoe zasedanie, 3 dekabrya 1968 g. – [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/245/94/IMG/NR024594.pdf?OpenElement (data obrashcheniya: 03.02.2018).
Pustokhina N.G., Valiev V.N. Kontseptsiya ustoychivogo razvitiya: Osnovnye polozheniya // Izvestiya Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta. 2015. ¹2(38). S. 37-41.
Rezolyutsii 27-y sessii (1972 god) // Ofits. sayt Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh natsiy). – [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: http://www.un.org/ru/ga/27/docs/27res.shtml (data obrashcheniya: 16.02.2018).
Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, 21st plenary meeting, 5-16 June 1972, Chapter 11 // Library of Congress Web Archives Collection, UNEP). – [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150314024203/http%3A//www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?documentid%3D97%26articleid%3D1503 (data obrashcheniya: 03.02.2018).
Regional configurations of international relations
Reference:
Diansaee B. —
The Role of Iran in the Middle East Crisis: the Factor of Sanctions Relief on the Nuclear Programme (2015-2017)
// International relations.
– 2018. – ¹ 2.
– P. 8 - 13.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2018.2.25874 URL: http://en. nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25874
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Review:
The article analyzes the main factors influencing the formation of Iran's foreign policy in the Middle East in the context of solving the problem of settlement of the Iran’s nuclear program and application of the sanctions regime. A special attention is given to consideration of the challenges to Iran’s security and regional stability after the sanctions regime lifting and settlement of the Syrian conflict. The main components of the foreign policy strategy and national priorities of the IRI with regard to the Middle East region as well as to the countries-allies are considered. It is methodologically reasonable to consider these issues on the basis of the defensive realism position, which allows the author to explore the features of Iran’s foreign policy. The author used scientific analytic methods (logical, contrastive-comparative, inductive-deductive, etc). A system approach made it possible to give an integral analysis of the multi-level system of Iran's involvement in international relations in the Middle East. It is emphasized that after the talks on the Iran nuclear deal between Iran and the P5+1, and the conclusion of the JCPOA (2015) Iran hasn’t changed its regional strategy. The author concludes that despite the short-term effects that have taken place in the regional dimension after the conclusion of the JCPOA, this agreement is still not a decisive factor determining the direction of regional changes. In the long term the situation in the Middle East and the role of Iran in it will be determined by internal conditions and regional trends, as well as the factor of international involvement in regional processes.
Keywords:
security, strategy, sanctions, JCPOA, Syrian crises, Middle East, foreign policy, Iran, regional threats, international relations
References (transliterated):
An EU Strategy for Relations with Iran after the Nuclear Deal // European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs, 23 June 2016. P. 4-24. [electronic source]. available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2016/578005/ EXPO_IDA/2016/578005_EN.pdf (reference date: 31.12.2016).
حل پرونده هستهای؛ سلامی دوباره به جهان //آفتاب / Settlement of the nuclear deal. Second salute to Iran // Aftabnews.ir. 2015. C. 2-4. [electronic source]. Available at: http://aftabnews.ir/fa/news/303023/حل-پرونده-هستهای-سلامی-دوباره-به-جهان (reference date: 01.05.2016).
رئیس
World politics
Reference:
Avatkov V.A., Shelestov S. —
The Key Mechanisms for Implementation of Turkey's Foreign Policy Interests in the Middle East
// International relations.
– 2018. – ¹ 2.
– P. 14 - 24.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2018.2.25859 URL: http://en. nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25859
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Review:
The authors of the article focus on the efforts of the Republic of Turkey to strengthen its position in the Middle East. The subject of the study is the tools and mechanisms used by Ankara in pursuit of its own foreign policy interests in the region. Such mechanisms as military operations in the territory of the neighbouring States, military exercises, military bases construction, attraction of investment in their own economy, direct investment in the economy of the States in the region, as well as provision of humanitarian aid are the focus of the authors' attention. The article places a heavy emphasis on the impact and emerging trends connected with the use of these tools. Given absence of Turkey's open foreign policy conception, the authors refer to such applied methods of political analysis as a content and event analysis as well as a comparative analysis to consider the implemented tools and to identify the existing trends. The scientific novelty of the study lies in introduction of Turkey's foreign policy instruments classification according to the spheres of their application. The main conclusion of the study is as follows: Turkey applies a full range of available foreign policy mechanisms and tools to create a favourable configuration of the Middle East and pursues an independent foreign policy based on its own national interests.
Keywords:
humanitarian aid, the Persian Gulf, foreign policy tools, Syria, Irak, AKP, the Middle East, Turkey, military operations, coup attempt
References (transliterated):
Turtsiya i Iran pereydut na vzaimoraschety v natsional'nykh valyutakh. MK Turtsiya. [Elektronnyy resurs] URL:http://mk-turkey.ru/economics/2017/10/04/turciya-i-iran-perejdut-na-vzaimoraschyoty-v-nacionalnyh-valyutah.html
Türkiye'den İran'a 10 milyar dolarlık yatırım. Sputnik Türkiye. [Elektronnyy resurs] URL:https://tr.sputniknews.com/ekonomi/201610271025498813-turkiye-iran-yatirim/
Türkiye Ile Misir Arasindaki Ekonomik Ilişkilerde Yeni Bir Adim. DEİK. [Elektronnyy resurs] URL:https://www.deik.org.tr/basin-aciklamalari-turkiye-ile-misir-arasindaki-br-ekonomik-iliskilerde-yeni-bir-adim
Itogi Stambul'skogo sammita OIS. TRT Russkiy. [Elektronnyy resurs] URL:http://www.trt.net.tr/russian/blizhnii-vostok-vzghliad-iz-turtsii/2017/12/21/itoghi-stambul-skogho-sammita-ois-872564
Turtsiya osudila reshenie SShA priznat' Ierusalim stolitsey Izrailya. Izvestiya. [Elektronnyy resurs] URL:https://iz.ru/680016/2017-12-06/turtciia-osudila-reshenie-ssha-priznat-ierusalim-stolitcei-izrai
Russian foreign policy
Reference:
Vardan G. —
The Consequences of Recognition of Abkhazia's Independence by the Russian Federation for Turkey-Abkhazia Relations
// International relations.
– 2018. – ¹ 2.
– P. 25 - 31.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2018.2.25993 URL: http://en. nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25993
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Review:
The Object of study is a comparative analysis of Turkey-Abkhazia relations before and after recognition of the independence of Abkhazia by the Russian Federation. The aim of the article is a study of the influence of the new policy adopted by the Russian Federation in the Abkhazian conflict on Turkey-Abkhazia relations. As a result of these changes, official Ankara faced new reality in the region, although during the Georgian-Abkhaz war and after it Ankara managed to take a decisive position in the life of the new independent Abkhaz state. The analysis will focus mainly on bilateral economic relations and the revision of Turkey's policy towards Abkhazia. To study the above objects the scientific research was based on the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity. In the course of study we used a method of comparative analysis of historical events which influenced the topic of the scientific work. The novelty of the scientific research lies in exposure of the positive and negative changes in Turkey-Abkhazia relations that occurred after the “five-day war” in August and recognition of the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia by the Russian Federation. After these events the role of Moscow that became the main guarantor of security, a partner and an ally of the Abkhaz state, sharply increased in bilateral relations between Ankara and Sukhumi.
Keywords:
Georgian–Turkish relations, Abkhazian diaspora, Transcaucasia, Abkhaz–Georgian conflict, War in Abkhazia, Abkhazia–Turkey relations, Russian Federation, Russia–Turkey relations, Turkey, Abkhazia
References (transliterated):
Economic Relations between Turkey and Georgia, Official website of MFA of Republic of Turkey https://goo.gl/CuYN1K
Political Relations between Turkey and Georgia, Official website of MFA of Republic of Turkey https://goo.gl/Hpwr6f
Otchety Gosudarstvennogo tamozhennogo komiteta Respubliki Abkhaziya https://goo.gl/po6mV2
Russia and Turkey agree on visa-free travel, Russia Today, 18.10.2010, https://goo.gl/k81Wb4
Tovarooborot mezhdu Abkhaziey i Turtsiey prevyshaet 250 mln dollarov․Kharazi, Eurasia Daily, 29.07.2015, https://goo.gl/pt7Koj
Rasporyazhenie Prem'er-ministra Respubliki Abkhaziya Artura Mikvabiya, 11.01.2016, https://goo.gl/WCxVeh
Rossiya otmenila sanktsii v otnoshenii Abkhazii, Ria Novosti, 16.05.2008 https://goo.gl/L7omb3
Dogovor mezhdu Rossiyskoy Federatsiey i Respublikoy Abkhaziya o soyuznichestve i strategicheskom partnerstve․ 24.11.2014, https://goo.gl/84JPr2
Gül urges respect for Georgia’s territorial integrity and sovereignty, Today’s Zaman, 13 August 2008, https://goo.gl/SUaLv
Eng
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