Reference:
Filippov V.R..
France Secret War in Biafra
// Politics and Society. – 2016. – ¹ 3.
– P. 285-300.
DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2016.3.18323.
rubric ÏÎËÈÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÊÎÍÔËÈÊÒ
DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2016.3.18323
Read the article
Review: Using the method of historical reconstruction, the author finds out the cause and nature of the Nigerian civil war in 1967-1970. It is one of the bloodiest conflicts on the African continent for the entire post-colonial period. Comprehensive analysis of historical sources, including materials of mass media, memoirs of participants of events, investigative journalism, interviews with famous politics and diplomats, allows you to bring to light the explicit and implicit motives and goals of all parties of the conflict in this bloody confrontation. Particular attention is drawn to elucidating the role of the UK, France, USA, Soviet Union, as well as a number of African countries (such as Gabon and Ivory Coast) in the outbreak of the Civil War in Republic of Nigeria, on the specific manifestations of the geopolitical doctrine of "françafrique" in this conflict. The close connection has been shown between the events in the Republic of Nigeria and the Igbo genocide sociolinguistic groups in the Nigerian region of Biafra. The conclusion that the Elysee Palace for three years supported the Biafran separatists, providing them with logistical and military aid, providing political and diplomatic support to the self-proclaimed Republic of Biafra in order to maintain economic and political preferences of Paris in this oil-rich region. The author believes that the civil war in the Republic of Nigeria has been clear evidence of latent confrontation between France, on the one hand and Anglo-Saxon (US and UK), on the other. And, also, the following conclusion is substantiate – that the assistance of the Soviet Union rendered to the Federal Government of Nigeria was due to the desire to extend the influence of communist ideology in the countries of tropical Africa.
Keywords: risks, sequrity, state, international relations, diplomacy, interests, world politics, global insecurity, global information space, France
References:
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Prokof'ev V. Pryzhok «Tushkanchika»-http://www.rg.ru/2014/02/18/bomba-site.html
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Kosukhin N.D. Vvedenie // Konflikty v Afrike: prichiny, genezis i problemy uregulirovaniya. M., 2013. S. 7.
Filippova E.I. Ponyatie ethnie vo frantsuzskoy nauchnoy traditsii i ego politicheskoe ispol'zovanie // Etnograficheskoe obozrenie. 2007. ¹ 3. S. 52-73.
Amselle J-L., M'Bokolo E. Au cœur de l’ethnie. Paris, 1999. P. 41.
Filippova E.I. Chto takoe Frantsiya? Kto takie frantsuzy? //Tishkov V.A., Shnirel'man V.A. (otv. red.). Natsionalizm v mirovoy istorii M., 2007. S. 172-227.
Vasil'ev A.M. Afrika i vyzovy KhKhI v. M., 2012. S. 17.
Filippov V.R. Sovetskaya teoriya etnosa. Istoriograficheskiy ocherk. M., 2010. S. 65.
Tur'inskaya Kh.M. Organizatsiya nepredstavlennykh natsiy i narodov: federalizm i separatizm v Afrike // Sovremennaya Rossiya i mir: al'ternativy razvitiya (Zapad i Vostok: mezhtsivilizatsionnye vzaimodeystviya i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya): sbornik nauchnykh statey / pod red. Yu.G. Chernyshova. Dnevnik AShPI ¹ 29. Barnaul, 2013. S. 174.
Micheletti P. Sur fond d’indignation et de pétrole, tout a commencé au Biafra – https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2008/09/MICHELETTI/16263
A nation divided – http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21627646-africas-lodestar-nation-has-weathered-ebola-extremist-takeover-has-exposed
Kosenko S.I. Faktor «myagkoy sily» v kul'turnoy diplomatii Frantsii // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2015. - 2. - C. 197 - 208. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560X.2015.2.10167.
Karyakin V.V. Definitsiya i paradigmy geopoliticheskogo issledovaniya // Konfliktologiya / nota bene. - 2015. - 4. - C. 382 - 394. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8965.2015.4.17442.
Kurilkin A.V. Sovremennye podkhody k vedeniyu informatsionnykh voyn // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2014. - 1. - C. 75 - 80. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560X.2014.1.10063.
Karyakin V.V. Tsivilizatsionnaya antropologiya amerikanskogo ekspansionizma: ot doktriny Monro k global'nomu liderstvu // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2013. - 4. - C. 487 - 468. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560X.2013.4.9722.
Saushkin A. Perspektivy otmeny sanktsiy v otnoshenii Rossii // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2015. - 1. - C. 117 - 120. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560X.2015.1.13506.
References (transliteration):
Aryamova A.D. Prakticheskaya realizatsiya tekhnologiy tsvetnykh revolyutsiy v Ukraine v 2004 i 2014 gg.: sravnitel'nyy analiz // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2015. - 4. - C. 439 - 442. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560X.2015.4.17179.
Kuznetsov I.I. Vliyanie demonstratsionnykh effektov na stanovlenie politicheskikh institutov // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2015. - 4. - C. 412 - 425. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560X.2015.4.17162.
Bocharnikov I.V. Terroristicheskaya gruppirovka «Islamskoe gosudarstvo» kak zakonomernoe sledstvie blizhnevostochnoy strategii SShA // Trendy i upravlenie. - 2015. - 4. - C. 395 - 402. DOI: 10.7256/2307-9118.2015.4.17007.
Manoylo A.V. Paradigmy upravleniya mezhdunarodnymi konfliktami: konkurentsiya ili konfrontatsiya. // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. 2011. ¹ 5. S. 135-142.
Manoylo A.V. Interesy vneshney politiki SShA v Afganistane. // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. 2012. ¹ 3. S. 76-81.
Manoylo A.V. Siriyskiy tupik «Arabskoy vesny». // Vestn. Mosk. Un-ta. Ser. 12. Politicheskie nauki. 2013. ¹6. S. 49-56.
Filippov V.R. «Deetnizatsiya territoriy» v noveyshey istorii Rossii // Federalizm. 2006. ¹ 2 (42). S. 125-142.
Natufe I. , Kh. Tur'inskaya Kh. Predislovie // Federalizm v Afrike: problemy i perspektivy. Federalism in Africa: Problems and Perspectives. Otv. red. I. Natufe, Kh. Tur'inskaya. M.: Institut Afriki RAN, 2015. S. 7-9.
Domergue-Cloarec D., Coppolani A. Des conflits en mutation ? De la guerre froide aux nouveaux conflits. Bruxelles, 2003. P. 137-150.
Kupriyanov P.I. Agiyi-Ironsi Dzhonson Tomas Umuankve // Afrika. Entsiklopedicheskiy spravochnik. M. Izdatel'stvo «Entsiklopediya», 2010. T. 1. S. 917.
Secret papers reveal Biafra intrigue – http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/589221.stm
Forsyth F. The Biafra Story Non Fiction – http://ru.scribd.com/doc/24312280/Frederick-Forsyth-The-Biafra-Story-Non-Fiction#scribd
Forsyth F. The Dogs of War. L., Hutchinson i Viking Press. 1974.
Soldiers of Fortune // Mercenary-wars – http://www.mercenary-wars.net/biafra/
Herrmanns R. Carl Gustaf von Rosen. Stockholm: Wahlström & Widstrand, 1975. P. 57-59.
Zhirokhov M., Monogonu O. Proshchay, Biafra! Vozdushnaya voyna v Nigerii 1967-70 gg. – http://topwar.ru/28594-proschay-biafra-vozdushnaya-voyna-v-nigerii-1967-70-gg.html
Verschave F.-X. La Françafrique. Paris, Stock. 2001. P. 150.
Baulin J. La Politique africaine d'Houphouët-Boigny. Éditions Eurafor-Press, 1980. P. 13.
McMillan P. President of France Charles Degaulle supported Biafra remarks he made at a press conference in Paris on 9th September 1968 – http://www.ipob.org/2014/07/president-of-france-charles-degaulle.html
Verschave F.X. La Françafrique. Retranscription de conférences-débat données par F. X. Verschave, président de Survie de 1995 à 2005 – http://survie.org/francafrique/article/la-francafrique.
Wilde J. Nigerian civil war: France backed Biafra to the hilt – https://beegeagle.wordpress.com/2010/07/28/nigerian-civil-warfrance-backed-biafra-to-the-hilt/
Prokof'ev V. Pryzhok «Tushkanchika»-http://www.rg.ru/2014/02/18/bomba-site.html
Guerre secrète de la France au Biafra – http://panafricanisme.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Histoire-Afrique-Guerre-France-Biafra.pdf
American jewish congress – http://www.biafraland.com/1968_biafra%20_report_by_american_jewish_congress.htm
Guisnel J. Derrière la guerre du Biafra, la France // Histoire secrète de la Ve République. La Découverte, 2006. P. 147-154.
Dr. Y. The Biafran Civil War and the French Connection – http://afrolegends.com/2011/12/16/the-biafran-war/
Natufe I. The Amalgamation of Nigeria and the Quest for a Nation // Federalizm v Afrike: problemy i perspektivy. Federalism in Africa: Problems and Perspectives. Otv. redaktory I. Natufe, Kh. Tur'inskaya. M.: Institut Afriki RAN, 2015. S. 100-101.
Kosukhin N.D. Vvedenie // Konflikty v Afrike: prichiny, genezis i problemy uregulirovaniya. M., 2013. S. 7.
Filippova E.I. Ponyatie ethnie vo frantsuzskoy nauchnoy traditsii i ego politicheskoe ispol'zovanie // Etnograficheskoe obozrenie. 2007. ¹ 3. S. 52-73.
Amselle J-L., M'Bokolo E. Au cœur de l’ethnie. Paris, 1999. P. 41.
Filippova E.I. Chto takoe Frantsiya? Kto takie frantsuzy? //Tishkov V.A., Shnirel'man V.A. (otv. red.). Natsionalizm v mirovoy istorii M., 2007. S. 172-227.
Vasil'ev A.M. Afrika i vyzovy KhKhI v. M., 2012. S. 17.
Filippov V.R. Sovetskaya teoriya etnosa. Istoriograficheskiy ocherk. M., 2010. S. 65.
Tur'inskaya Kh.M. Organizatsiya nepredstavlennykh natsiy i narodov: federalizm i separatizm v Afrike // Sovremennaya Rossiya i mir: al'ternativy razvitiya (Zapad i Vostok: mezhtsivilizatsionnye vzaimodeystviya i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya): sbornik nauchnykh statey / pod red. Yu.G. Chernyshova. Dnevnik AShPI ¹ 29. Barnaul, 2013. S. 174.
Micheletti P. Sur fond d’indignation et de pétrole, tout a commencé au Biafra – https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2008/09/MICHELETTI/16263
A nation divided – http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21627646-africas-lodestar-nation-has-weathered-ebola-extremist-takeover-has-exposed
Kosenko S.I. Faktor «myagkoy sily» v kul'turnoy diplomatii Frantsii // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2015. - 2. - C. 197 - 208. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560X.2015.2.10167.
Karyakin V.V. Definitsiya i paradigmy geopoliticheskogo issledovaniya // Konfliktologiya / nota bene. - 2015. - 4. - C. 382 - 394. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8965.2015.4.17442.
Kurilkin A.V. Sovremennye podkhody k vedeniyu informatsionnykh voyn // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2014. - 1. - C. 75 - 80. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560X.2014.1.10063.
Karyakin V.V. Tsivilizatsionnaya antropologiya amerikanskogo ekspansionizma: ot doktriny Monro k global'nomu liderstvu // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2013. - 4. - C. 487 - 468. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560X.2013.4.9722.
Saushkin A. Perspektivy otmeny sanktsiy v otnoshenii Rossii // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2015. - 1. - C. 117 - 120. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560X.2015.1.13506.